washing soda, water of crystallization, saponification

Explain the properties of washing soda (sodium bicarbonate)

Ans. i) Washing soda i.e. sodium bicarbonate is a white crystalline substance.

ii) It is soluble in water.

iii) It turns red litmus blue, indicating its basic nature.

Give the uses of washing soda (Na₂ CO₃)

Ans. i) Washing soda in used as a clearing agent in washing clothes.

ii) It is used in the manufacturing of detergent powder, paper & glass.

iii) It is also used to refine petroleum.

Write a short notes on water of crystallization (with proper example)

Ans. i) Water of crystallization is the fixed number of water molecules present in the crystal structure.

ii) For example – Chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate is CuSO₄. 5H₂O. Copper sulphate has 5 molecules of water of crystallization.

iii) The chemical formula of hydrated sodium carbonate is Na₂ Co₃.10 H₂O. sodium carbonate has 10 molecules of water of crystallization.

iv) On heating or on exposure to air, the above salts lose water of crystallization & forms anhydrous substances.

What is a soap?

Ans. When oils or fats are boiled with aqueous solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide, then   sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acids are obtained. There salts are known as soap.

What is saponification ?

Ans. The alkaline hydrolysis of an oil or fat resulting in the formation of sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acid (soap) is called saponification.

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