Define the term:-
1)Digestion System
Ans: - All the processes involved in nutrition in human being take place by association of
digestive organ called the digestive system.
2)Alimentary canal
Ans: - Alimentary canal is long & muscular tube of varying diameter
which extends from the mouth to anus. The salivary glands, pancreas, liver,
gastric gland are digestive glands associated with alimentary canal.
3)
Describe the
digestive system of human beings?
Ans: - Human
digestive system is made up of different parts: - 1. Mouth, 2. Stomach
3. Small intestine, 4. Large intestine 5. Anus
Fig: Human
Digestive system
a. Mouth: Alimentary
canal starts from mouth. Food particles are crushed in to small particles with
the help of teeth & wetted with saliva secreted by salivary glands. Saliva contains
enzyme salivary amylase .It convert food from complex to simpler from. Enzyme
salivary amylase breaks down starch into a simple sugar maltose.
b. Stomach: The partly
digested food from mouth goes down through the oesophagus into ‘J’ shaped
stomach .The food is pushed forward in the canal due to rhythmic contraction &
relaxation of the muscle of canal called as ‘Peristaltic Movement’.
Fig:
Peristalsis
The gastric
glands present in the wall of stomach release gastric juices namely
Hydrochloric
Acid, enzyme
pepsin & mucus. HCL create acidic condition & mucus protects inner
lining of stomach from the action of acid.
The muscular walls of stomach
helps in proper mixing of food & gastric juices the exits of food from
stomach is regulated by sphincter muscle.
c. Small intestine:
It is the longest part of alimentary canal fitted into compact
space by excessive coiling. Although, It is must longer than large intestine It
gets its name from its comparatively smaller diameter. Carbohydrate, fats &
proteins are fully digested in small intestine .Since this action takes place
only in alkaline condition. The acidic food received from the stomach has to be
first made alkaline
Liver is the largest
glands in body secrets bile juice which is stored in the gall bladder.
When food enters in to small intestine, the
gall bladder releases bile into it through a duct. Bile makes the food alkaline
& breaks the large fat globules in to smaller ones.
Fig: Liver
Pancreas secretes
pancreatic juice It has digestive enzymes like:-
Trypsin
-To digest protein
Lipase -
To break down fats &
Pancreatic amylase -To
digest carbohydrates.
The bile and the pancreatic juice enter the small intestine
through a common duct. The digested food
is absorbed by the walls of small intestine having numerous finger like
projection called ‘villi’ Villi absorb the food, are richly supplied with
blood vessels .The absorbed food is taken by each & every cell of
the body where it is utilized for
obtaining energy.
Fig: The
Pancreas with associated structures
Fig: villi
d. Large Intestine: The
undigested food and the residue of the digested food pass into the large
intestine. This part of the intestine does not have any digestive function as
the digestion already complete.
Wall of
large intestine also have villi which absorb most of waters & minerals salt.
The rest of the material is removed from body through the anus.
Que:-Describe the digestive action takes place in the mouth.
Ans:-1) In the mouth the food is crush with the help of teeth. This
mechanical action breaks the larger food particles in to smaller once.
2) The
crushed food is then mixed with saliva, secreted by the salivary glands.
3) The
enzymes salivary amylase present in
the saliva breaks down the complex starch molecules into simple sugar maltose.
4) the
biochemical digestion of food thus starts in the mouth itself.
1)
Describe the
digestive action that takes place in the stomach.
Ans:-1)In stomach the food is churned and thoroughly mixed with gastric
juices.
2) Gastric
juice is secreted by gastric glands which are present in the wall of the
stomach.
3) There are
three types of component in gastric juice, viz.the enzyme pepsin, mucus and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
4)
Hydrochloric acid makes the medium in the stomach acidic which is necessary for
the action of the enzyme pepsin.
5) Enzyme
pepsin digests the protein in acidic medium only.
6) Mucus is the
protective substance. It protects the inner lining of the stomach from the
action of hydrochloric acid.
6) The exits
of the food from the stomach is regulated by the sphincter muscle which
releases small amount of partly digested food in to the small intestine.
Que Answer the following
*1) how fats
are digested in human body?
Ans: - Alkaline medium is essential for
digestion of fat. This is secreted by bile juices present in liver; liver
secretes bile juice which is stored in the gall bladder. Bile makes food
alkaline & breaks the large fat globules into smaller this increase the
enzyme action .Pancreases secretes walls of the small intestine which converts
fats into fatty acids.
2) Which is the largest gland in human body?
Ans: - Liver is the
largest gland in human body.
3)
Name the
digestive glands associated with alimentary canal?
Ans :- The
salivary gland, Liver, The pancreas
& gastric glands are the digestive glands associated with alimentary canal.
4)
Name the
Juices secretes by gastric glands?
Ans:- Gastric
gland release three juices namely Hydrochloric acid , Enzyme pepsin & mucus.
5) How protein is digested in human body?
Ans:- Protein is
digested by the action of the enzyme pepsin. But pepsin requires acidic
condition to act on protein which is provided by hydrochloric acid in stomach.
6) Which are the pancreatic juice secret pancreases?
Ans: - Pancreatic juices has digestive enzyme like-
Trypsin - to digest protein
Lipase - to break down
fats
Amylase – to digest carbohydrates.
7)
What is the
function of intestinal juices?
Ans: - Intestinal
juices secreted by walls of small intestine complete the digestion process of
converting protein to amino acid, complex carbohydrate to glucose & fats
into fatty acids
Q Draw
Well diagram of following
*1)Digestive glands
Digestive
Glands
Thanks
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