Acids, Bases and their Reactivity

What is the action of Mg ribbon with HCl ?

Ans. Mg Ribbon on treatment with hydrochloric acid gives magnesium chloride salt with bubbles of hydrogen gas. In this reaction hydrogen is displaced by the active metal from acid.

Mg + 2HCl             ---->      Mg Cl₂ + H₂ 

Magnesium ribbon          Magnesium chloride

How do metal carbonates reacts with acid ?

Ans. When a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate reacts with an acid, it forms corresponding salt & carbon dioxide gas.

i) Na₂ CO₃ + 2HCl  ---->   2 NaCl + H₂O + CO_2(g)

sodium carbonate                                sodium chloride

ii) Al₂ (CO₃) + 6 HCl    ---->  2 AlCl₃ + 3H₂O + 3CO_2(s)

Aluminum carbonate                      Aluminium chloride

iii) NaHCO_3(s) + HCl_(aq)  ---->    NaCl_(aq) + H₂O_(l) + CO_{2 (g)}

sodium bicarbonate                          sodium chloride

How do metal oxides react with acid?

Ans. When metal oxide on reaction with acid, gives corresponding salt & water. As this reaction is similar to the reaction between acid & base, it is concluded that metallic oxides are basic oxides.

         Metal oxide + Acid ---->  Salt + water

         CuO    +      2HCl     ---->             CuCl₂      +         H₂O

         Copper oxide (basic oxide) Hydrochloride acid           copper chloride (salt)

How do non metallic oxides react with base?

Ans. When a non metallic oxides on reaction with base to form corresponding salt & water. As this reaction is similar to the reaction between base & acid , it is concluded that non- metallic oxides are acidic in nature.

         Ca(OH)₂        +        CO₂      ---->       CaCO₃      +         H₂O

Calcium hydroxide (base) carbon dioxide (non metallic oxide [acid]) calcium carbonate (salt)

How do acids & bases react with each other? What is the name of the process? What product is obtained out of this reaction?

Ans. i) Acids & bases react with each other with great vigour depending on their concentration & type of the acids & bases.

ii) The reactions are exothermic in nature.

iii) When acid reacts with base to form salt & water is known as neutralization.

e.g. a) HCl + NaOH    ---->    NaCl + H₂O

b) H₂SO₄ + 2KOH     ---->   K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

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