Ionization of Acids and Bases

Define ionization with example.

Ans. The process in which an ionic compound separates into positive & negative ions is called ionization.  OR

Formation of ions in presence of water from a substance is called ionization.

Ex. i) When HCl gas is dissolved in water, it ionizes to H⁺ & OH^- ions.

HCl + water    ---->   H⁺ + Cl^-

ii) When NaoH is dissolved in wter, it ionizes to Na⁺ & OH^- ions

NaOH + water     ---->   Na⁺ + OH^-

Explain in detail about hydronium ion.

Ans. The strength of an acid is measured in terms of the extent of ionization of the acid in aqueous solution. Higher the H⁺ ions concentration, stronger is the acid. Hydrogen ion (H⁺) does not exist alone. H⁺ ion being unstable, combines with H₂O to form hydronium ion (H₃O⁺)

HCl       ---->    H⁺ + Cl^-

H^+(aq)        +       H₂O     ---->    H₃O⁺

Hydroniumion.

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